The Role Of Women Judges On International Courts And...

Bio Nienke Grossman (late 30’s) was born Utrecht, Holland and is Associate Professor and Deputy Director of the Center for International and Comparative Law at the University of Baltimore School of Law, where she teaches public international law topics and conflict of laws. Her most recent scholarship, published in the American Journal of International Law and forthcoming in the Virginia Journal of International Law, examines the causes of and possible solutions for the paucity of women judges on international courts and tribunals. She has presented her work at various faculties including, the American Society of International Law’s Annual Meeting and Research Forum, the European Society of International Law’s Annual Meeting, the Harvard-Stanford-Yale Junior Faculty Forum, the University of Cambridge’s Lauterpacht Centre, and before the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women. Prior to entering academia Nienke was a Research Fellow at Georgetown University Law Center, an Associate in Foley Hoag LLP’s international litigation practice, and a law clerk to United States Federal District Judge Gerald Bruce Lee, in the Eastern District of Virginia. She has served as a legal advisor or consultant to Latin American states in three cases before the International Court of Justice, and has advised petitioners in cases before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, including a news organization and relatives of victims of a 1994 terrorist bombingShow MoreRelatedRwanda Genocide : The First Conviction1264 Words   |  6 Pagesgroups played a role in the killing of the Tutsis, the Interahamwe which means those who attack together and the Impuzamugambi (those who have the same goal)†(â€Å"Rwanda genocide of 1994†). Radio broadcasters made the killings worse by referring to the Tutsis as â€Å"cockroaches† that should be exterminated. 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Essay about Health Promotions Among Diverse Populations

Running Header: Health Promotion Among Diverse Populations 1 Health Promotions among Diverse Populations Sheila S Erickson RN Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V-OL191 June 20, 2015 Health Promotions Among Diverse Populations 2 Marginalization of the Native American population is a result of colonialism; they were considered to be ignorant and hostiles by the â€Å"White† settlers, forced to live on reservations, lost their culture and values through assimilation and stripped of their rights in society. Segregation, Social Darwinism, and other discriminatory practices have led to the marginalization of Native Americans, resulting in the lowest standard of living in the United States, high rates of alcoholism, and a significant loss of†¦show more content†¦(Furlov, B. Paskus, L.) Mental Health is of the highest concern along with the following: ï‚ · Cancer, Heart Disease, and Diabetes are the top three galling afflictions. ï‚ · Unintentional injuries, Chronic Liver disease, chronic lower respiratory disease follow close. ï‚ · Stroke, Suicide, Nephrosis and chronic Nephrotic Syndrome are in the top ten. ï‚ · Unfortunately, Influenza and Pneumonia have to be figured into the mix as well. Perhaps since the time the Europeans first traded alcohol with the Native Americans, it began the downward spiral effect that they are feeling today. It has been said that alcoholism is an epidemic among the Native America. Alcohol is no longer sold on any Reservation due to the issue. The American Indian and Alaska Native people have long experienced lower health status when compared with other Americans. Lower life expectancy and the disproportionate disease burden exist perhaps because of inadequate education, disproportionate poverty, discrimination in the delivery of health services, and cultural differences. Health Promotions Among Diverse Populations 5 Native traditional Health remedies and Health defined by Indigenous America They combine herbal medicine, spirituality, and rituals. In addition, there are many similarities in today societies and the Native American culture. Sage is held sacred by many Native American Indians, because of the effective purifying energies. TheyShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Among Diverse Populations1340 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Promotion Among Diverse Populations Marcia Maris Grand Canyon University NRS-429v November 14, 2015 The purpose of this paper is to discuss the health status of the American Indian/ Alaskan Native (AI/AN). 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Notes on Do - 10 Things You Can Do With the Verb Do

Think of the word do as the utility infielder in the game of grammar: it can be called on to play any one of several different positions in a sentence. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary offers 36 definitions of the verb do (not counting  its uses in countless phrases) and seven definitions of the noun. Both a lexical verb and one of the three primary auxiliaries, do (along with the forms does, did, and done) is the third most frequently used verb in English. As an auxiliary (or helping verb), do is sometimes called an empty verb or a dummy operator because it has no meaning of its own. But do have some respect for this dummy. As well see, do stays busy, and wed have a tough time communicating without it. Idioms and CollocationsAs a lexical verb, do indicates action of some kind and often hooks up with nouns denoting more specific activities. Here are some common do and done expressions: do an about-face, do any good, do as I say, do away with, do blindfolded, do the dishes, do a double take, do homework, do the honors, do in, do a job on, do justice to, do no good, do or die, do out of, do over, do tell, do time, do the trick, do up, do well, do withoutdone deal, done for, done in, done to death, done to a turn, easier said than done, good as done, over and done with, whats done is done, when all is said and doneSubstitutionsDo also functions as a pro-verb, filling in for any number of other verbs. The expressions do so, do it, and do that commonly refer to actions that have previously been identified: If you want to fire me, please do so.I had put off mailing the application and finally decided just to do it.She thought Id left without telling anyone, but I would never do that. All three expressions serve as substitutes for other verbs (in these examples, go, mail, and leave). Do so tends to be a tad more formal than do it and do that.Multiple DosIts not unusual for more than one do to show up in a sentence. How do you do?What do you do for a living?How do you find time to do all that you do? (Without resorting to doo doo jokes or the chorus to Lou Reeds Walk On The Wild Side, see if you can outdo that last example.)Wh- QuestionsIn many questions that begin with a wh- word (who, what, when, where, why, and—oops—how), a form of do comes before the main verb: What do you want?Where did Cheeta put the bananas? When did follows a wh- word, its often contracted to /d/ in informal speech and written as d: Whered Cheeta put the bananas?Yes-No QuestionsWe can fashion a yes-no question by placing a form of do in front of the subject: Do you enjoy listening to lectures?Does anybody know what time it is?Did your sister go out this morning? The use of do in questions is called do-support or do-insertion.NegativesBy adding not (or the contraction nt) to do, does, or did, we can create a negative sentence: Many workaholics do not enjoy their jobs.Casper doesnt believe in ghosts.Nyla didnt like the cold weather. In a negative imperative with the copula be, do not (or dont) appears in front of be: Do not be afraid.Dont be so self conscious. As you can see, present and past endings become part of do and not part of the main verb that follows it.Tag QuestionsA question added to a declarative sentence to check or clarify information is called a tag question. Customarily, a negative declarative takes a positive tag question, while a positive declarative takes a negative tag: You dont trust me, do you?You do miss me, dont you? When theres no auxiliary verb in the main clause, a form of the dummy operator do is used in the tag: Your sister loves to play pranks, doesnt she?EmphasisIn declarative sentences, do, does, and did can be used for emphas is: You do need to be honest with your child.Despite what you think, I did enjoy the play. In speech, emphatic do is usually stressed.ImperativesThe emphatic do can show up at the beginning of an imperative sentence, usually to make it sound less abrupt: Do stop by when youre in the neighborhood. But notice that this do isnt always so friendly: Do shut up, Hyacinth. Truth be told, this version of the emphatic do probably occurs more often in 19th-century novels than in actual conversations.In some cases, do can also replace the whole imperative: Ill see to it this evening, the lawyer said.Yes, please do, I said.Omissions in Comparative ClausesIn a comparative clause, we can use a form of do to avoid repeating part of the main clause: The Pritchetts work much harder than we do.Gloria drives much faster than Jay does. In these examples, do is considered a stranded operator--an auxiliary that stands alone without a main verb alongside it. Is this the final word on do? Hardly. For one thing, theres the extraordinarily vague do in the Nike slogan  Just do it. For another theres the do in Frank Sinatras scat line Do-be do-be do. Then theres Fred Flintstones memorable  exclamation, Yabba Dabba Do! But before things get too silly, this will simply have to do.

Coal Mine Fatal Accident Example

Essays on Coal Mine Fatal Accident Case Study ï » ¿ The safety of the employees is one of the most important human resource topics. According to OSHA rules, an employer is entirely responsible for the employees’ well-being when working. This implies that the employers must provide safe workplaces, failure to which the employer can be sued either by the individual employees or by OSHA itself. In order to minimize accidents in the workplace, OSHA requires employers to not only enforce rules and guidelines that favor safety but also train the employees on how to operate the equipment for improved safety (Jackson et al., 2012). When an accident happens in the workplace, like the following scenario, either the employer is to blame for negligence or the employee for irresponsibility. Before the accident happened, the victim was working as a maintenance and installation engineer implying that he was responsible for any installations, shipments, and removals that may be required. The victim was working for a company known as Chas Coal, Inc., which was affiliated with a bigger company that was responsible for the mine site, Calvary Coal Company, Inc. Since Calvary Coal Company had decided to terminate operations at the site, it was moving most of its equipment to a new site. A neighbor to the victim was interested in acquiring a metal structure that had been constructed at the site for private use. This implies that the victim would have to be involved in the dismantling process as well as assembling it at the neighbor’s compound. The neighbor had already removed most of the materials and only wooden support posts that had been reinforced using concrete remained. The victim and his neighbor decided to use a truck from the Tyco Trucking Company that had been l eased for moving the equipment. The bucket truck was designed to act as an implement crane but not for lifting heavy loads. They used the bucket truck to hoist the posts from the concrete. Since the victim was the professional, he would perform his part from the bucket of the truck, which was against the truck’s operation requirements. As he attempted to wiggle the second post so that it could free from the concrete, it came loose suddenly causing a force that threw the victim from the bucket. He then landed on the concrete ground acquiring fatal injuries. Fortunately, such accidents as this are preventable. Application of the most appropriate strategies can prevent a reoccurrence. Although this accident can be blamed largely on the employee due to irresponsibility, the management also has a significant stake. The management needs to undertake certain measures to guarantee that such accidents do not occur in the future. First, they must make it mandatory for every employee to use the safety harness whenever working from the bucket. This would make it possible to prevent an occurrence even if a person is thrown from the bucket. Second, the management should ensure that all employees are aware of all safety guidelines when operating specific equipment. This would prevent them from applying it incorrectly ensuring that accidents resulting from ignorance are avoided. Lastly, the management should also ensure that any previously enforced rules are followed. If the victim followed a previous direction, that the truck should not be used to li ft such loads after a similar accident happened a year before, the accident could have been avoided. It would also be strategic to ensure that all employees are adequately trained on how to use the equipment (Stranks, 2010). Therefore, the management is to blame for not doing their party of the job accordingly. If such actions were followed by the management, these accidents would be avoided. This is because it is clear that the employee did not follow the already established rules by the organization. This implies that the organization is not strict enough at ensuring that the employees follow the safety guidelines, which are paramount to organization’s reputation. The victim made several mistakes such as failing to use the safety harness, which was available to him. This would have prevented him from falling even after the force that threw them from the bucket. The victim failed to follow the operation procedures on the bucket truck manual. The manual explained that a person should avoid being in the bucket when heavy loads were being lifted. This would have prevented the fall from occurring. One of the best consequences of strictness by the management would be to improve the situation. Strictness can be realized through increased supervision (Hughes Ferrett, 2010). However, one o f the risks involved include de-motivating the employees due to more supervision as employees prefer lower supervision. However, the management can explain the importance of increased supervision as facilitating their well-being. Possible alternative future actions include acquisition of better equipment such as those that can facilitate dismantling of structures when relocating operations. Although this may require the organization to spend more, it would be one of the best ways of guaranteeing employee safety. It would also make employees’ work easier and more enjoyable, which would mean more motivation. Accidents in the workplace are preventable. When they happen, either the employee or the employer is to blame. Since the employer is to blame during most occurrences, appropriate measures must be taken to prevent reoccurrence. Such strategies depend on the nature of the accident and previous occurrences of similar accidents. This implies that the employer must be strict to ensure that all rules and guidelines are followed for improved safety in the workplace. References Hughes, P. Ferrett, E. (2010). Introduction to International Health and Safety at Work. New York: Routledge. Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., Werner, S. (2012). Managing human resources. Mason, Ohio: South Western cengage learning. Stranks, J. W. (2010). Health safety at work: An essential guide for managers. London: Kogan Page.

Administrative ethics Free Essays

The moral attributes that a person exercises in an administration office are such as honesty and devotion to a person’s duties; principles and a sense of responsibility for one’s actions and words that the person uses is part of administrative ethics. Moral principles which a person should apply in administrative ethics specify the rights and duties that a person should respect especially when dealing with matters that seriously affect other individuals and the entire society. The principles also specify conditions that collective policies and practices should satisfy when dealing with individual persons or the society. We will write a custom essay sample on Administrative ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now A person with morals of should ask whether the action performed serves everyone’s interest and whether it is accepted by all even those who were not aware of their particular circumstances. However it should not be specific to one person because this neglects the opinion of others which is vital and needs to be considered when dealing with people. (Thompson, 1985). Statistics show that America has over 250,000 rivers which occupy a space of 3.5miles of its land. Its largest river is the Mississippi river which at its mouth has a flow volume of 593,000 cubic feet per second. The longest river in America is river Missouri whose length is about 2,500 miles. Other rivers are such as Yukon, Rio Grande, St. Lawrence, Arkansas, Colorado, Atchafalaya, Ohio, Red, Brazos, Columbia   and Snake among others. Since the signing of declaration of independence for America, rapid building of dams in the rivers have taken place and currently statistics show that 600,000 miles of rivers in America have been used for dams which range between 60,000 to 80,000 in number. These figures amount to 17% percent of the nation’s river mileage. 95% of dams in the U.S. are owned by private companies or persons and they are regulated by the state dam safety agencies in the country. The dams provide many benefits both to the owners and the country and the people around the facility. Domestic water supply, flood protection, hydro electric power, industrial water supply, agriculture and recreation are some of the benefits that are derived from dam construction. On the other hand, dams can cause economic and societal risks such as floods, excessive leakage and internal erosion of the land beneath the dam. Dams can cause both positive and negative effects on the environmental, effects on wild life living in the rivers and the economy of a country. This therefore calls for careful construction to eliminate the negative effects. The persons who have the interest of dam construction should therefore ask themselves whether it is morally to go ahead and build it. They should be able to know whether their actions are right and whether they bring a good effect in the other person or not. Since the start of building of dams in America, the receivors have brought many effects on the environment; both positive and negative. On the positive side, dams have proofed to be very useful to the people as well as the country itself. The dams have been used for recreation, for controlling floods as well as for generation of power and job creation. (Macline Siccohio, 1999). There are several positive effects on the environment that result from construction of dam; the following are some of the benefits enjoyed by the environment and support dam construction. According to (Moignr, Feder Garbus, 1992), dam construction and holding of reservoirs have prevented sediments from moving down the stream or going to the shows of beaches on lakes and oceans. This makes the ocean shows and the river streams clean. Dams are able to control floods in their area of construction and thus reduce the dangers that are related to floods such as death of people and animals, loss of property and destruction of agricultural land. Drainage in the area and land improvement precautions are improved and this results to increase in soil productivity and consequently increased production of agricultural products. Dam construction reduce the pollution effect especially in the downstream because their storage reservoirs which reduce the pollution materials coming from upstream. People in the area benefit from electricity energy generated from the dams thus increasing productivity and general development in the area. Dam construction in and area brings an increase in number of transport means especially if there is waterway transport services. There is increased availability of drinking and domestic water in homesteads therefore people lead a more comfortable life. This means that people have access to safe drinking water within their reach and they are able to use the water for their dairy chores. Agricultural production is increased due to availability of irrigation water from the constructed dams in an area. Fishing activities also take place in the dams improving people’s lives as well as raising their living standards.   However negative effects are also experienced in the environment due to construction of dams. Dam construction leads to change of water flow which changes and interrupts most of the ecological processes of a river. Sediments of a river, nutrients, biota and energy of a river are interrupted by dam construction. The dams have also brought severe detrimental effects to the environment which includes loss of animals that live in water, soil erosion and loss of land. According to (Scott Smith, 2001), dam construction results to destruction of nature which changes water regime and as a result some detrimental effects may take place such as; unexpected floods and destruction of vegetation and nature structures which have formed on the river banks. Earth quakes can also be experienced around the area due to the large volume of water which is filled in the water receivers. This was experienced in America as a result of construction of Hoover dam, the area near the dam has now been depressed bringing serious environmental problem. Old dams have also collapsed due to the weight of the lake which has resulted to many deaths and floods in an area. . (Duflo Pande, 2007). Problems have also been experienced between two countries as a result of blockage of water due to a dam construction in one country and hindering flow of water of that river into the next country. Dam construction also results in increase in evaporation of water due to the increase in the water surface area. Change in climate is experienced due to changes in air moisture percentage, big scales of air movement and change of temperature due to the big mass of stagnant water in an area. Although these changes are not harmful to humans, they are experienced and can be noted in animals and plants which in turn bring secondary effects to humans. Floods experienced as a result of dam construction lead to loss of soil and water nutrients and therefore the agricultural activities in the area are affected greatly. (Shai, 2007). Increase in water borne diseases such as typhoid, typhus, fever, malaria and cholera may be experienced by humans due to the stagnant water caused by dam construction. Dam construction affects social, cultural and economic structures of people’s lives especially those who are forced to move out of their homesteads and settle in different areas so the dams cab be constructed. Apart from the environment, construction of dams also has effects on wild life that live in water masses. Fish, crocodiles, hippopotamus and other reptiles are affected both negatively and positively by the construction of dams. There are several positive effects experienced by the wildlife; Construction of dams on rivers have created a clean environment for egg laying fishes in the ocean and the river beds because holding of sediments by the dams has prevented the sediments from interfering with the zones where the fish and other animals lay their eggs. Construction of dams may also result to generation of new species in the water masses. This is due to the change in temperature of the water, change in salt concentration and change in oxygen distribution in water. (Scott Smith, 2001), Apart from the benefits drawn from dam construction by the animals, there are negative effects which actually outlay the positive effects. Constructions of dams on rivers hinder reproduction of migrating fishes due to the flood effect that destroy the egg beds where the animals initially laid their eggs. The egg bed is also destructed as a result of digging up of the bed and the varnishing works done on them. (Macline Siccohio, 1999). Dams hinder the normal passing ways of aquatic animals. This leads to reduction in population of aquatics especially fish due to lack of ovulation and feeding of animals especially those that are upstream. There is a likelihood of fish damage as they pass through the turbines, floodgates and pumps of the dams. Drainage of marshy waters and other water masses as the construction work goes on affects the animals living in them and they may also die. (Moignr, Feder Garbus, 1992), Water quality changes greatly due to drainage of irrigation water, this may lead to increase in salt density in the water and over transfer of food raising the emergence of water lichens and also change the living species which are in the water. Species may also change due to erosion caused by human activities and increased mud levels in the water due to the construction of the dams. Dam construction results to discharge of toxic materials in the water such as toxic metals and pesticides. This affects sensitive animals, changes their food chains and may also result to extinction of the animals due to death. (McCranes, 1978). The water at the bottom of a reservoir of a dam is usually very cold as compared to the normal water flowing in the rivers; the same water does not have enough oxygen and this puts a great risk to the animals which live downstream because they experience a different environment and they are likely to migrate or even die as a result. Dam construction in an area brings several economic changes which may be for the benefit of the country and the people living around or may lead to destruction of the economy. (Duflo Pande, 2007), examined dam effects in a country and concluded that the population of people living downstream benefit in a large way especially from the water from the dams and they don’t have to rely on rainfall for they crops; they are able to irrigate their land and therefore lead to increase agricultural productivity in the area. Their land in insulated from precipitation shortfall and increase their yields. Importance of dams in an economy is that it produces electricity at a constant rate which is used to develop the place by being in areas such as factories, schools, recreational areas and other areas that improve an economy of a place. Electricity from the dams is also economically viable because it can be shut down when not in use, the dams are also able to produce electricity for, and many years therefore they give a surety of power for economical use. Dam construction in an area is said to bring employment opportunities for the people who live in the area. Dams need a lot of human resource during its construction and after, casual workers, engineers and other important posts need to be filled to ensure that its construction and management is well carried out. Many people therefore are able to benefit from employment and this improves their living stands as well as their economy. There is increased trade in the area which improves the lives of the people living there. Small businesses thrive and therefore the economic level of the place as well as the people goes up and the living standards become better. Industrial development in the area speeds up, due to irrigation of crops and availability of hydro electric power. Food production becomes high and therefore the people are able to feed well and trade with other products. On the other hand, the economy may experience negative effects from dams; the negative effects of dams to the economy of an area are mostly experienced by the people living upstream, this is because their land and forests are destroyed particularly when the dams’ receivers are filled. Increase in salinity and excessive diffusion of land which is near the dam area, also damages production activities of the people living upstream due to this, it reduces agricultural products, they also suffer from rainfall reduction and rapid reduction of their yields. (Duflo Pande, 2007). Dam construction and especially Yosemite dam led to destruction of a national park which was known for its positive land use and instead the land was flooded so as to create a recreational around the dam. This shows that construction of dams results to loss of useful land which would have otherwise be very productive. Dam construction however is very expensive and it has to be built at a very high standard, this means that a lot of money is spent in the construction process and once the dam is finished, it takes many years for it to bring profits to the country. Dam construction brings loss of businesses and homes for people as a result suffer economic losses. Areas that flood due to the dam also cause people to move out of their lands and many of their crops and property is destroyed. (Kader, 2000). Dams bring recreational services to an area and these services improve the area in a positive way. Dam construction leads to attraction of both domestic and international tourists. Dams also provide water sports, pleasure activities as well as leisure especially from the dams that form behind the dams. Dam construction brings about many developments in an area. Social building such as hotels, clubs and restaurants thrive in the area and attracts many people from the area and also from outside the region. Schools, churches and hospitals also develop in the area thus creating better living standards for the people and bringing the area into life and making people become more active. New roads are also constructed as a result of dam construction in the area. This means that people are able to access the area well for recreation and other reasons. The political issues that arise as a result of building dams in American rivers determine whether the rivers are being managed or mismanaged, this is due to the fact that America and its citizens depends on the health of these rivers and the decisions which are made should go beyond dam building or dam removal into the society that depends on these rivers for survival. Policy makers in America are putting their effort in changing the management of the rivers in America by trying to remove dams which are built in them and simulating the seasonal flow of the rivers so as to restore the habitat; their work however has had an unstable degrees of success. (Workman, 2006). Many people who have dealt with dam politics like William Lowry described the efforts to restore rivers in America by looking at how rivers and public policy interact. He looked at the physical differences in rivers which affect the set policies as go further to analyzing political difference of the different people who use the rivers. Rivers should be restored by making sure that the water quality is restored, seasonal flows are back as well as the natural habitat such as fish, hippopotamus and crocodile are back into the rivers. He further seeks to whether the degree of restoration is affected by the existing political circumstances. (Workman, 2006). Dams and dam construction should be well managed to ensure that they are safe and prevent any detrimental effects on the living things and property which is around it. It should be put in mind that if a dam fails, it would bring floods to homes, businesses, and roads and destroy many other properties. A maintenance and repair program for dams should be set to ensure that dams are safe. This should include frequent checks on the dykes, water levels and the walls of then dam to ensure that they are safe and are able to hold the amount of water to as to avoid breakage of the wall which would lead to floods and property destruction.(Wehr, 2004). Emergency action plans should be put in place to take care of any hazards which may occur in the dams. Personnel shouldn’t always be ready to take care of any casualties which may be reported so that the destruction effect is reduced. A fully staffed group and safety program should be set so that they can come and carry out a periodic inspection on the dam to ensure that the dam is safe for people and the animals. The groups should approve designs for dam construction and carry out the construction inspection to ensure that it is up to standard. Reference: Duflo, Esther, Pande, R. (2007). Dams, 122(2): 601–46. Quarterly Journal of Economics How to cite Administrative ethics, Papers

Execution of Light Rail Framework Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Execution of Light Rail Framework. Answer: Introduction Light Rail framework is mainly designed for improving the efficiency of the transport system and reducing traffic on the streets of this city that is Adelaide which is well known of Australia (Clarke, 2012). The design of this light rail framework is such a way that it relates to the framework is properly checked which is essential for the development (Dennis, Wixom Tegarden, 2015). LRT is evaluated with the certain areas that needed for the support and deployment of this project in Adelaide (Cunha, Garis Riesco, 2015). LRT is mainly essential for the evaluation during the preparation of this given report. During the evaluation of the framework many problems are faced (Hawkins et al., 2013). During development of lifecycle model which is required for upgradation of LTR is mainly discussed and evaluated in this particular report. The preliminary design is mainly established for the upgradation of the framework which is mainly discussed in this report (Soni Khaliq, 2015). Description of design and its methodology is mainly focused for the upgradation of the system (Moore, 2016). In the final stage the light rail transit framework mainly focuses on testing errors which can be generated at the time of its deployed of the given framework (Sachdeva, Sunita, 2015). SLDC model is mainly used for the upgradation of the system and a schedule of project management is mainly created for managing the module and keeping a track on the progress of the given and mainly aims in increasing the efficiency which is mainly required for the development of this project. Preliminary design Light rail framework design mainly consists of overhead lines of electricity, tracking of layout and mainly covering the essential region of the city and the particular model mainly focuses on framework of rail transits (Valacich, George Hoffer, 2015). The tracks of the framework of LRT mainly focuses to design a such a way the passengers will feel a safe and comfortable journey with reduced vibration and jerk. The motor which is mainly used for running the engine of this LRT mainly requires to be powerful with various steps and cliffs (Smith, 2015). Implementation of light rail transport in Adelaide can be successful if it satisfies the proper needs of the city and which will ultimately bring benefit to the given city (Moore, 2016). Tracks which are used for LRT mainly needs to be combined with the metro which will ultimately reduce the development cost. Speed of this light rail track is mainly required to be checked for various routes (Rosen et al., 2012). GPS tracking system must be installed in this light rail which will provide real time update of present position and also calculates the distance that is covered by this LRT (Sun Chao, 2013). The tracks are designed in such way that various road ways can be used for keeping the track and sharing it with different vehicle that is running on the road (Hanumantharaju, Ravishankar Rameshbabu, 2013). The quality of transportation can be improved by using of proper insulation and maintaining silence in the cabin. The capacity of carrying passenger mainly requires to be improved with various changes in the present design (Dennis, Wixom Tegarden, 2015). Usage of SDLC model can be beneficial for the upgradation of framework with minimizing the faults which is mainly generated during the implementation of the project (Hawkins et al., 2013). A proper analysis is needed to be done for collecting all the problems which is related during the implementation of the network (Huda, Arya Khan, 2015). System that is designed mainly focuses on various feature and techniques which are essential for making the project successful (Soni Khaliq, 2015). For reaching the following step on the co mplementation of previous stage and the various errors must be checked (Valacich, George Hoffer, 2015). Now if an error is detected in the any phase then it is duty of developer to come back to the earlier step for the correction of any error and continuing with left portion of the projects. Detailed design and development The development of light rail framework in Adelaide and various aims of the project of is required to be checked. Various things like infrastructure of the building like platform and bridges are required to be analyzed for the deployment of this LRT (Smith, 2015). The present areas of the city traffic and various areas are needed to be checked (Valacich, George Hoffer, 2015). The available scope of upgradation and infrastructure that can be used for reducing the cost of the network which ultimately aims in reducing the total cost and can also be proved for improving efficiency of the given network. The methodology that is chosen for the development of LRT mainly requires confirmation which works with the development of LRT (Rosen et al., 2012). For the proper development of the framework the basic or preliminary design needs to be evaluated and cost of life cycle also needs to be considered. The forthcoming design stage and the price is analyzed which is needed to be done and the li fe cycle of the project needs to be checked (Clarke, 2012). Various tools which are used for project management is mainly required for scheduling project and development of lifecycle which is stated in development stage for the upgradation of framework (Vir Mann, 2013). Project needs to be created as per the structure of work breakdown. It is the duty of the project manager to check different resources of activity which can be easily checked in the various phase of development of project (Messersmith McIntosh, 2015). The total cost of the project can be easily calculated from the schedule and total coverage area needs to be checked with proper budget (Cunha, Garis Riesco, 2015). In pre design phase various things like length of track and area of coverage needs to be checked (Smith, 2015). Now in the post design a proper analysis is required and all the information mainly requires to be checked and various details of the network is checked for calculation which ultimately increases the cost of the project (Huda, Arya Khan, 2015). The cost of maintenance is also required to be checked in the post design analysis with repayment cost of current structure and replacing the framework which is inclusive of cost of maintenance (Sachdeva, Sunita, 2015). The system outline is mainly designed in such that it can cover the predesign stage and post design stage which is mainly required for the detailed design for the development of LRT. Development of this project mainly depends the workers that are available and help from the local community of this Australian city that is Adelaide (Messersmith McIntosh, 2015). A proper analysis is made on the present network of the LRT of the city and upgradation that can be easily made after the usage of the new design which is provided to them (Sun Chao, 2013). The project needs to be divided into various categories is checked for the proper evaluation of the system and structure is designed properly for satisfying the basic needs of the project. System test, evaluation validation and optimization A proper testing of system needs to done on the present framework of LRT and an approach is required to be made on the various methodology of testing which is required for the infrastructure (Rosen et al., 2012). Planning mainly involves building up of proper design for the given frame work and also test the various capabilities which are mainly required for LRT system (Sun Chao, 2013). For providing the needs of the project the best performance of the project needs to be checked. The starting point of the project needs to be checked as per the approach of system engineering (Dennis, Wixom Tegarden, 2015). A proper update is made on the model which is required for calculating the estimation of the test after deployment and increasing the outcome or efficiency of the system (Hanumantharaju, Ravishankar Rameshbabu, 2013). Various models are available for the implementation of this light rail framework (Messersmith McIntosh, 2015). Various difficulties are faced by the proper model and is checked and compared with the given model for deployment and making the project a huge success (Sharon Dori, 2015). Validation of the given project is mainly required to be checked after analyzing the given project with other different successful projects (Sachdeva, Sunita, 2015). Various risk that are associated with implementation of the system needs to be checked as per the framework (Soni Khaliq, 2015). The mode of failure and its effect on analysis mainly requires to checked or managed for proper analysis during the upgradation of this project (Cunha, Garis Riesco, 2015). Various logic can be easily applied and data containing vital information needs to be collected (Hawkins et al., 2013). Brainstorming methodology and analysis of qualitative and quantitative must be required for the upgradation of the current framework of the given organization (Moore, 2016). Various risk that are involved in the input and output of the system needs to be controlled with various strategy of testing (Clarke, 2012). The various parts that are used for the implementation of the framework and usage of various service for checking the purpose and the framework of the given LRT project in Adelaide by using system development life cycle model (Huda, Arya Khan, 2015). Conclusion From the above discussion it can be easily stated that the application of SDLC model is important for the development of LRT in Adelaide. A proper design is made for the provide the project and after that documentation of the project is made. Detail design is mainly composed of various function that are mainly required to be added and a proper methodology which is mainly essential for keeping a track of progress of this project in Adelaide. Validation of the project is mainly required to be selected for keeping a track on the progress of the given project that is LRT. The project must satisfy the needs of the project which is essential for the success of the project. It is the duty of project manager make use of different available project management tools which are essential for checking the proper budget and routine of the given project and as per the requirement it mainly monitors the progress of the project as per the requirement. The system mainly needs to be tested as per the s chedule and proper cost of the project needs to be evaluated for the proper upgradation of the given project. The preliminary design is mainly established for the upgradation of the framework which is mainly discussed in this report (Soni Khaliq, 2015). Description of design and its methodology is mainly focused for the upgradation of the system (Moore, 2016). In the final stage the light rail transit framework mainly focuses on testing errors which can be generated at the time of its deployed of the given framework (Sachdeva, Sunita, 2015). References Clarke, S. (2012). Information systems strategic management: An integrated approach. Routledge. Cunha, A., Garis, A., Riesco, D. (2015). Translating between Alloy specifications and UML class diagrams annotated with OCL. Software Systems Modeling, 14(1), 5-25. Dennis, A., Wixom, B. H., Tegarden, D. (2015).Systems analysis and design: An object-oriented approach with UML. John Wiley Sons. Hanumantharaju, M. C., Ravishankar, M., Rameshbabu, D. R. (2013). Design of Novel Algorithm and Architecture for Gaussian Based Color Image Enhancement System for Real Time Applications. In Advances in Computing, Communication, and Control (pp. 595-608). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Hawkins, T. R., Singh, B., Majeau?Bettez, G., Strmman, A. H. (2013). Comparative environmental life cycle assessment of conventional and electric vehicles. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 17(1), 53-64. Huda, M., Arya, Y. D. S., Khan, M. H. (2015). Quantifying Reusability of Object Oriented Design: A Testability Perspective.Journal of Software Engineering and Applications,8(4), 175. Messersmith, C., McIntosh, B. (2015). Capturing Bad Design Practices in Object-Oriented Code. Moore, F. (2016). Peo Life Cycle Cost Accountability: Viability Of Foreign Suppliers For Weapon System Development. Air War College Maxwell Air Force Base. Rosen, M., Lublinsky, B., Smith, K. T., Balcer, M. J. (2012). Applied SOA: service-oriented architecture and design strategies. John Wiley Sons. Sachdeva, A., Sunita, M. (2015). An Empirical and Analytical View of New Inheritance Metric for Object-Oriented Design. Sharon, A., Dori, D. (2015). A ProjectProduct ModelBased Approach to Planning Work Breakdown Structures of Complex System Projects. IEEE Systems Journal, 9(2), 366-376. Smith, B. (2015). Object-Oriented Design A Revisit. InAdvanced ActionScript 3(pp. 357-371). Apress. Soni, N., Khaliq, M. (2015). Maintainability estimation of object-oriented software: Design phase perspective.Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Commun. Eng,4(3), 538-542. Sun, S. P., Chao, W. S. (2013). An Architecture-Oriented Design Method For Gaming Business Administration Systems. In C], Asia Pacific Conference on Gambling Commercial Gaming Research (APCG2013), Taiwan. Valacich, J. S., George, J. F., Hoffer, J. A. (2015). Essentials of systems analysis and design. Pearson Education. Vir, R., Mann, P. S. (2013). A hybrid approach for the prediction of fault proneness in object oriented design using fuzzy logic.journal of academia and industrial research, 661-666.

How Great a Threat Did the Revolts in Hungary free essay sample

How Great a Threat Did the Revolts in Hungary (1956) and Czechoslovakia (1968) Present to Soviet Control of Eastern Europe? By Tallied How great a threat did the revolts in Hungary (1956) and Czechoslovakia (1968) present to soviet control of Eastern Europe? The Czechoslovakian and Hungarian revolts both provided major issues and threats for the soviet control in Eastern Europe. However these were not the only threats, another, and the most significant threat, being the East German problem.The soviets struggled to deal with each case, and therefore took dealt with each scenario individually. The Hungarian revolt of 1 956 happened due to the Hungarian population being fed up of a communist regime and many heard that Poland was gaining more freedom therefore they wanted this as well. Not only this but the government used brutal oppression and had the secret police to implement their policies. After a week of protests the government fled and was replaced by Nagy whom promised radical changes but when he announced that Hungary was going to leave the Warsaw pact the soviets reacted. We will write a custom essay sample on How Great a Threat Did the Revolts in Hungary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The red army was sent across the borders and thought against Nags supporters however they were defeated and Nagy was hanged. This provided a threat to soviet control as if one state was seen to be separating from the Warsaw pact and therefore seemingly becoming independent of soviet influence then this may have caused a revolution amongst Eastern Europe. This would leave the soviets completely isolated and obviously would not have gained much support from the people in Russia.However one positive from the revolts is that the west refused to interfere when asked by Nagy therefore this would make Eastern countries question uprisings. Obviously this was a major problem for the USSR however the East German problem was a far greater wreath. The Czechoslovakian revolt was the lowest threat for the JARS at the time. The Czech wanted more freedom from soviet control and felt that communism hadnt taken the country forward.As a result protests began to occur within the country to try and cause the government to make more democratic and capitalist reforms. These protests instigated the movement of the red army to overpower the uprisings but unlike Hungary there were no casualties. The Czechoslovakian revolt was a problem for the Soviets as it showed that capitalist influence was slowly creeping into the East and that minimally with the Hungarian revolt this could instigate a capitalist uprising in the East thereby annihilating the soviets sphere.Not only this but it influenced the thought of neighboring countries and made them question whether they wanted to be in a capitalist regime. As a result of the revolt the Brethren doctrine was produced which stopped countries leaving the Warsaw pact and limited any form of independence from the USSR. However some may argue that this in itself weakened sovi ets power in the east as completely restricted any form of independence which therefore led to the splitting of the soviet bloc later on.